Table 6. Trait definitions and heritabilities used in national evaluations for
Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, and Jersey conformation as provided by participating
countries (parameters and trait definitions are identical for Ayrshire, Holstein and Jersey
in Australia and New Zealand, and for Ayrshire and Holstein in Finland)
AUS=Australia, BEL=(Walloon part of) Belgium, CAN=Canada, CHE=Switzerland,
CHR=Swizerland(Red Holstein), DEA/DEU=Germany+Austria, DFS=Denmark+Finland+Sweden
ESP=Spain, FRA=France, GBR=United Kingdom, HUN=Hungary, ITA=Italy, JPN=Japan,
NLD=Netherlands(+ Flemish part of Belgium), NZL=New Zealand, POL=Poland,
USA=United States, ZAF=Rep. of South Africa
BROWN SWISS
Trait:	Stature
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.46	Height at withers
CHE	0.42	Height at withers
DEA	0.36	Height at sacrum
FRA	0.63	Height at sacrum
ITA	0.38	Height at withers
NLD	0.60	Height at top of spine in between hips
USA	0.43	Stature
Trait:	Chest width
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.20	Chest width
CHE	0.31	Circumference of chest
DEA	0.21	Circumference of chest
FRA	0.40	Chest depth
ITA	0.13	Front, width and depth of chest
NLD	0.30	Width from inside surface between top of front legs
USA	0.20	Strength
Trait:	Body depth
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.30	Capacity (1-18 scale)
CHE	0.32	Body depth
DEA	0.21	Body depth
FRA	0.39	Max distance between top and bottom lines
ITA	0.20	Depth of last rib, deepest point of body
NLD	0.35	Distance between top of spine and bottom of barrel of last rib
USA	0.25	Body depth
Trait:	Angularity
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.23	Dairy character
CHE	0.28	Muscling
DEA	-
FRA	0.48	Dairy character
ITA	0.16	Degree of angularity
NLD	0.35	Angle and openness of ribs, flatness of bone avoiding coarseness
USA	0.18	Dairy form
Trait:	Rump angle
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.18	Rump angle
CHE	0.29	Rump angle
DEA	0.26	Angle of rump from hips to pin (side view)
FRA	0.33	Hip to pins
ITA	0.17	Angle of rump from hips to pin (side view)
NLD	0.35	Angle from top of pin to top of hip bone
USA	0.27	Rump angle
Trait:	Rump width
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.27	Width at thurls
CHE	0.32	Rump width
DEA	0.29	Distance between pin bones
FRA	0.39	Width at hips
ITA	-
NLD	0.30	Distance between two most posterior points of pin bones
USA	0.18	Thurl width
Trait:	Rear leg side view
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.15	Rear leg side view
CHE	0.21	Hock angle
DEA	0.18	Angle of hock in the rear leg
FRA	0.18	Rear leg side view
ITA	0.09	Angle of hock in
NLD	0.35	Angle of toe out of rear feet
USA	0.18	Rear leg
Trait:	Pasterns / Foot angle
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.10	Foot angle
CHE	0.13	Pasterns
DEA	0.21	Foot angle
FRA	0.12	Foot angle
ITA	0.06	Pasterns
NLD	0.20	Foot angle
USA	0.13	Foot angle
Trait:	Heel depth
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.10	Foot angle
CHE	0.10	Hoof height
DEA	0.06	Height of hoof
FRA	0.14	Shallow to deep
ITA	0.25	Height of hoof
NLD	0.20	Foot angle
USA	-
Trait:	Fore udder
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.20	Attachment
CHE	0.22	Fore udder length
DEA	0.20	Fore udder length
FRA	0.31	Length: short to long
ITA	0.25	Length of attachment between body and fore
NLD	0.35	Strength of fore udder attachment to abdominal wall
USA	0.22	Fore udder attachment
Trait:	Rear udder height
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.22	Rear udder height
CHE	0.21	Rear udder height
DEA	0.12	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
FRA	0.26	Distance between vulva and top of secreting tissue
ITA	0.17	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
NLD	0.35	Distance between pin bones and milk secreting tissue
USA	0.22	Rear udder height
Trait:	Rear udder width
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.20	Rear udder width
CHE	0.20	Rear udder width
DEA	0.12	Rear udder width
FRA	0.37	Rear udder attachment width
ITA	0.22	Distance between the crease between the udder and the legs comparing the crease on the other side
NLD	0.35	Rear udder height
USA	0.19	Read udder width
Trait:	Udder support
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.20	Median Suspensory
CHE	0.26	Suspensory ligament
DEA	0.40	Depth of median cleft
FRA	0.32	Cleft between teats and above
ITA	0.13	Depth of median cleft
NLD	0.25	Depth of cleft measured at base of udder
USA	0.22	Udder cleft
Trait:	Udder depth
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.33	Udder depth
CHE	0.23	Udder depth
DEA	0.40	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
FRA	0.43	Distance between hocks and the bottom point of udder
ITA	0.13	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
NLD	0.45	Distance from lowest udder floor to hock
USA	0.34	Udder depth
Trait:	Teat placement
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.25	Fore
CHE	0.34	Front
DEA	0.33	Placement of front teats
FRA	0.41	Distance between fore teats
ITA	-	-
NLD	0.45	Front view
USA	0.27	Teat placement
Trait:	Teat length
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	-
CHE	0.37	Teat length
DEA	0.52	Length of front teat
FRA	0.44	Short to long
ITA	0.20	Length of teat
NLD	0.45	Length of front teat
USA	0.34	Teat length
Trait:	Rear teat placement
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.27	Rear teat placement
CHE	0.34	Rear teat placement
DEA	0.43	Placement of rear teats
FRA	0.37	Rear teat placement
ITA	0.25	Rear teat placement
NLD	0.44	Rear teat placement
USA	-	-
Trait:	Overall conformation
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.22	Overall conformation
CHE	0.28	Overall conformation score
DEA	-
FRA	0.41	Overall conformation (composite)
ITA	0.38	Overall conformation score
NLD	0.30	Overall conformation score (composite)
USA	0.29	Final score
Trait:	Overall udder
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.21	Overall udder
CHE	0.24	Overall udder score
DEA	0.38	Overall udder score
FRA	0.40	Overall udder score
ITA	0.18	Udder score
NLD	0.35	Qualification of the total udder
USA	-
Trait:	Overall feet & leg score
Country	h2	Definition
CAN	0.17	Overall feet & leg score
CHE	0.12	Overall feet & leg score
DEA	0.18	Overall feet & leg score, incl runp angle, top line
FRA	0.21	Overall feet & leg score
ITA	-
NLD	0.20	Set and bone quality of legs, quality of feet, and use of legs and feet
USA	-
AYRSHIRE, GUERNSEY, HOLSTEIN AND JERSEY
Trait:	Stature
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.45	Height of rump between hips
BEL	0.52	Stature
CAN	0.50	Height at withers (Ayrshire)
	0.46	Height at withers (Guernsey)
	0.53	Height at hips (Holstein)
	0.42	-"-            (Jersey)
CHE	0.42	Wither height
CHR	0.45	Height at withers
CZE	0.33	Stature
DEU	0.41	Stature
DNK	0.63	Stature (Ayrshire)
	0.60	-"-     (Holstein)
	0.42	-"-     (Jersey)
FIN	0.63	Height of the rump between hips
ESP	0.41	Height at rump between hips
FRA	0.47	Height at Sacrum
GBR	0.55	Stature (Guernsey)
	0.64	-"-     (Guernsey)
	0.48	-"-     (Holstein)
	0.44	-"-     (Jersey)
HUN	0.43	Stature
ITA	0.38	Stature
JPN	0.46	Height at rump
NLD	0.60	Measured in cm from the top of the spine in between hips to ground
NOR	0.37	Rumph height in cm
NZL	0.40	Hight at the shoulders of the animal
POL	0.63	Stature
SWE	0.35	Height at rump between hip bones
USA	0.54	Stature (Ayrshire)
	0.49	Stature (Guernsey)
	0.42	Distance ground to hip bone/vertebrae (Holstein)
	0.39	Stature (Jersey)
ZAF	0.47	Height of the front part of rump (Holstein)
	0.20	Wither height (Jersey)
Trait:	Chest width
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Distance between fore legs
BEL	0.14	Chest width
CAN	0.24	Chest width (Ayrshire)
	0.20	-"-         (Guernsey)
	0.27	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.16	-"-         (Jersey)
CHE	0.31	Distance between fore legs
CHR	0.20	Distance between fore legs
CZE	0.13	Chest width
DEU	0.18	Chest width
DNK	0.18	Chest width (Ayrshire)
	0.18	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.17	-"-         (Jersey)
FIN	0.15	Distance between the fore legs
ESP	0.20	Distance between fore legs
FRA	0.20	Chest width
GBR	0.25	Chest width (Ayrshire)
	0.18	-"-         (Guernsey)
	0.25	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.18	-"-         (Jersey)
HUN	0.28	Chest width
ITA	0.29	Chest width
JPN	0.20	Width of chest floor
NLD	0.30	Measured from the inside surface between the top of the front legs
NOR	0.28	Heart girth in cm
NZL	0.24	Body depth
POL	0.13	Chest width
SWE	0.20	Width between front legs, between shoulder blades and fore rib
USA	0.31	Strength                                      (Ayrshire)
	0.22	Strength                                      (Guernsey)
	0.31	Width of chest, muzzle, and substance of bone (Holstein)
	0.25	Strength                                      (Jersey)
ZAF	-	(Holstein)
	0.08	Chest width (Jersey)
Trait:	Body depth
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Depth of the last rib
BEL	0.29	Body depth
CAN	0.33	Capacity (Ayrshire)
	0.30	-"-      (Guernsey)
	0.32	Body depth (Holstein)
	0.27	Capacity   (Jersey)
CHE	0.31	Deepest point of the body
CHR	0.36	Depth of the last rib
CZE	0.18	Body depth
DEU	0.24	Body depth
DNK	0.25	Body depth (Ayrshire)
	0.31	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.25	-"-        (Jersey)
FIN	0.27	Depth of the last rib
ESP	0.26	Depth and width of rib cage, side view
FRA	0.36	Body Depth
GBR	0.27	Body depth (Ayrshire)
	0.26	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.43	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.27	-"-        (Jersey)
HUN	0.30	Body depth
ITA	0.31	Body depth
JPN	0.27	Depth of rear rib
NLD	0.35	Distance between top of spine and bottom of barrel at last rib - deepest point
NOR	-	-
NZL	0.24	Strength and depth of chest and body, viewed from side, rear and front, in relation to physical size
POL	0.15	Body depth
SWE	0.30	Depth at the rear rib
USA	0.29	Body depth        (Ayrshire)
	0.32	Body depth        (Guernsey)
	0.37	Depth of rib cage (Holstein)
	-	-                 (Jersey)
ZAF	0.22	Depth at the deepest part of the centre piece (Holstein)
	0.18	Body depth (Jersey)
Trait:	Angularity
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Angularity
BEL	0.28	Angularity
CAN	0.24	Dairy character (Ayrshire)
	0.23	-"-             (Guernsey)
	0.30	-"-             (Holstein)
	0.21	-"-             (Jersey)
CHE	0.22	Openess and angle of ribs, flatness of bone
CHR	-	-
CZE	0.23	Angularity
DEU	0.24	Angularity
DNK	0.37	Dairy form (Ayrshire)
	0.31	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.27	-"-        (Jersey)
FIN	0.12	Openness and angle of the ribs
ESP	0.28	Sharpness of back and thights, openess of ribs, flatness of bone
FRA	0.20	Angularity
GBR	0.51	Angularity (Ayrshire)
	0.26	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.33	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.29	-"-        (Jersey)
HUN	0.26	Angularity
ITA	0.31	Angularity
JPN	0.13	Sharpness and flatness of bone, openness and slant of rib, lenght of neck, quality of skin
NLD	0.35	The angle and openess of the ribs, combined with flatness of bone avoiding coarseness
NOR	-	-
NZL	-	-
POL	0.37	Angularity
SWE	0.35	Dairyness
USA	0.20	Dairy Form (Ayrshire)
	0.28	Dairy Form (Guernsey)
	0.29	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.23	-"-        (Jersey)
ZAF	0.18	Angularity (Holstein)
	0.14	Dairy form (Jersey)
Trait:	Rump angle
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Angle of the rump from hips to pins
BEL	0.35	Rump angle
CAN	0.21	Rump angle (Ayrshire)
	0.18	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.43	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.15	-"-        (Jersey)
CHE	0.40	Angle of the rump from hips to pins
CHR	0.37	Angle of the rump from hips to pins, side view
CZE	0.52	Rump angle
DEU	0.26	Rump angle
DNK	0.33	Rump angle      (Ayrshire)
	0.32	Rump, side view (Holstein)
	0.29	Rump angle      (Jersey)
FIN	0.31	Angle of the rump from hips to pins
ESP	0.30	Angle of the rump from hips to pins
FRA	0.34	Rump angle
GBR	0.27	Rump angle (Ayrshire)
	0.31	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.31	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.29	-"-        (Jersey)
HUN	0.28	Rump angle
ITA	0.25	Rump angle
JPN	0.31	Slope from hips to pins
NLD	0.35	Measured as the angle from the top of the pin to the top of the hip bone
NOR	0.18	Rump angle
NZL	0.24	Angle of a line between the centre of the hips and the top of the pins
POL	0.25	Rump angle
SWE	0.35	Slope from hips to pins
USA	0.28	Rump angle                                     (Ayrshire)
	0.41	Rump angle                                     (Guernsey)
	0.33	Angle of the rump structure from hooks to pins (Holstein)
	0.31	Rump angle                                     (Jersey)
ZAF	0.29	Side view of angle between pinbones and hipbones (Holstein)
	0.15	Rump angle (Jersey)
Trait:	Rump width
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Distance between pins
BEL	0.31	Rump width
CAN	0.31	Width at thurls (Ayrshire)
	0.27	-"-             (Guernsey)
	0.34	Width at pins   (Holstein)
	0.23	Width at thurls (Jersey)
CHE	0.51	Distance between pins
CHR	0.24	Distance between pins
CZE	0.29	Rump width
DEU	0.28	Rump width
DNK	0.33	Rump width (Ayrshire)
	0.27	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.32	-"-        (Jersey)
FIN	0.33	Distance between pins
ESP	0.28	Distance between pins
FRA	0.32	Rump width
GBR	0.38	Rump width (Ayrshire)
	0.31	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.30	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.24	-"-        (Jersey)
HUN	0.21	Rump width
ITA	0.29	Rump width
JPN	0.26	Width of the thurls
NLD	0.30	The distance between the most posterior point of pin bones
NOR	-	-
NZL	0.23	Width of pins, hips and thurls relative to the size
POL	0.24	Rump width
SWE	0.30	Distance between pins
USA	0.35	Thurl width                          (Ayrshire)
	0.29	Thurl width                          (Guernsey)
	0.26	Distance between inside wall of pins (Holstein)
	0.20	Thurl width                          (Jersey)
ZAF	0.17	Distance between the two centers of the pinbones (Holstein)
	0.17	Thurl width (Jersey)
Trait:	Rear leg side view
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.17	Side view of the angle of the hock in the rear leg
BEL	0.15	Rear legs side view
CAN	0.14	Rear legs side view (Ayrshire)
	0.15	-"-                 (Guernsey)
	0.26	-"-                 (Holstein)
	0.15	-"-                 (Jersey)
CHE	0.16	Side view of the angle of the hock in the rear leg
CHR	0.27	Side view of the angle of the hock in the rear leg
CZE	0.13	Rear leg set
DEU	0.15	Rear leg set
DNK	0.23	Rear legs side view (Ayrshire)
	0.23	-"-                 (Holstein)
	0.14	-"-                 (Jersey)
FIN	0.23	Angle of the hock in the rear leg; side view
ESP	0.17	Side view of the angle of the hock in the rear leg
FRA	0.07	Rear leg set
GBR	0.27	Rear leg set (Ayrshire)
	0.18	-"-          (Guernsey)
	0.20	-"-          (Holstein)
	0.18	-"-          (Jersey)
HUN	0.13	Rear leg set
ITA	0.16	Rear leg set
JPN	0.13	Straight - sickle leg, side view
NLD	0.35	Angle measured at the front of the hock
NOR	0.09	Rear leg side view
NZL	0.07	Straightness or curvature of the back legs
POL	0.12	Rear leg set
SWE	0.20	Hock angle, side view
USA	0.15	Rear legs                       (Ayrshire)
	0.16	Rear legs                       (Guernsey)
	0.21	Amount of set to the hock joint (Holstein)
	0.10	Rear legs                       (Jersey)
ZAF	0.06	Rear leg side view (Holstein)
	0.07	Rear leg set (Jersey)
Trait:	Rear leg rear view
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.25	Rear leg rear view
BEL	0.09	Rear leg rear view
CAN	-	-                  (Ayrshire)
	-	-                  (Guernsey)
	0.10	Rear leg rear view (Holstein)
	-	-                  (Jersey)
CHE	0.12	Rear leg rear view
CHR	-	-
CZE	-	-
DEU	0.15	Angle of toe out of the rear feet
DNK	0.19	Rear leg rear view (Ayrshire)
	0.13	-"-                (Holstein)
	0.12	-"-                (Jersey)
FIN	0.12	Amount of hock-in and/or toe-out
ESP	0.12	Rear leg rear view
FRA	0.10	Locomotion
GBR	-	-          (Ayrshire)
	-	-          (Guernsey)
	0.10	Locomotion (Holstein)
	-	-          (Jersey)
HUN	0.05	Rear leg rear view
ITA	0.15	Rear leg rear view
JPN	0.11	Sickle - straight leg, rear view
NLD	0.15	The angle of toe out of the rear feet
NOR	0.06	Rear leg rear view
NZL	-	-
POL	0.04	The angle of toe out of the rear feet
SWE	0.20	Parallellity of hind legs
USA	-	-                                (Ayrshire)
	-	-                                (Guernsey)
	0.15	Amount of hock-in and/or toe-out (Holstein)
	-	-                                (Jersey)
ZAF	-	-
Trait:	Foot angle
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.21	Side view foot diagonal
BEL	0.06	Foot angle
CAN	0.11	Foot angle (Ayrshire)
	0.10	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.13	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.09	-"-        (Jersey)
CHE	0.11	Heel depth
CHR	0.22	Foot angle
CZE	0.08	Foot angle
DEU	0.12	Foot angle
DNK	0.17	Foot angle (Ayrshire)
	0.13	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.09	-"-        (Jersey)
FIN	0.09	Angle between ground and front of the rear foot; side view
ESP	0.14	Side view of the rear foot angle
FIN	0.09	Angle between ground and front of the rear foot; side view
FRA	0.10	Heel depth
GBR	0.31	Foot angle (Ayrshire)
	0.23	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.14	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.25	-"-        (Jersey)
HUN	0.08	Foot angle
ITA	0.18	Foot angle
JPN	0.09	Angle between toes of the foot and ground
NLD	0.20	Angle at the front of the rear hoof measured from the floor to the hairline
NOR	0.09	Foot angle
NZL	-	-
POL	0.07	Foot angle
SWE	0.20	Toe angle formed by slope of upper claw and sole
SWE	0.20	Toe angle formed by slope of upper claw and sole
USA	0.15	Foot angle                         (Ayrshire)
	0.10	Foot angle                         (Guernsey)
	0.15	Steepness of the angle of the foot (Holstein)
	0.10	Foot angle                         (Jersey)
ZAF	0.09	Angle between the foot's fron end and ground (Holstein)
	0.11	Foot angle (Jersey)
Trait:	Fore udder
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Strength and quality of attachment between body and fore udder - side view
BEL	0.23	Fore udder attachment
CAN	0.20	Fore udder attachment (Ayrshire)
	0.20	-"-                   (Guernsey)
	0.27	-"-                   (Holstein)
	0.20	-"-                   (Jersey)
CHE	0.22	Strength and quality of attachment between body and fore udder - side view
CHR	0.31	Attachment between body and fore udder
CZE	0.24	Fore udder
DEU	0.21	Fore udder
DNK	0.29	Fore udder attachment (Ayrshire)
	0.24	-"-                   (Holstein)
	0.25	-"-                   (Jersey)
FIN	0.25	Strength and quality of attachment between body and fore udder; side view
ESP	0.21	Strength and quality of attachment between body and fore udder
FRA	0.20	Fore udder attachment
GBR	0.26	Fore udder (Ayrshire)
	0.30	-"-        (Guernsey)
	0.21	-"-        (Holstein)
	0.24	-"-        (Jersey)
HUN	0.14	Fore udder
ITA	0.15	Fore udder
JPN	0.12	Strength of attachment
NLD	0.35	The strength of attachment of the fore udder to the abdominal wall
NOR	0.06	Fore udder
NZL	0.21	How well the front udder is attached to the body wall
POL	0.17	Fore udder
SWE	0.30	Strength of attachment
USA	0.21	Fore udder                                                             (Ayrshire)
	0.29	Fore udder                                                             (Guernsey)
	0.29	Strength of the udder attachment to the body wall by lateral ligaments (Holstein)
	0.22	Fore udder attachment                                                  (Jersey)
ZAF	0.14	Strength of attachment (Holstein)
	0.08	Fore udder (Jersey)
Trait:	Rear udder height
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.27	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
BEL	0.23	Rear udder height
CAN	0.22	Rear udder height (Ayrhsire)
	0.22	-"-               (Guernsey)
	0.24	-"-               (Holstein)
	0.21	-"-               (Jersey)
CHE	0.24	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
CHR	0.36	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
CZE	0.16	Rear udder height
DEU	0.22	Rear udder heigth
DNK	0.23	Rear udder height (Ayrshire)
	0.15	-"-               (Holstein)
	0.17	-"-               (Jersey)
FIN	0.26	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
ESP	0.22	Distance between vulva and milk secreting tissue
FRA	0.20	Rear udder heigth
GBR	0.40	Rear udder heigth (Ayrshire)
	0.17	-"-               (Guernsey)
	0.27	-"-               (Holstein)
	0.25	-"-               (Jersey)
HUN	0.15	Distance between highest point of udder and middle point of hock-pin line
ITA	0.20	Rear udder heigth
JPN	0.19	Distance between bottom of vulva and top of milk secretion tissue
NLD	0.35	The distance between the pin bones and the milk secreting tissue, in relation to the height of
		the animal
NOR	0.06	Rear udder height
NZL	0.24	Height and width of the rear udder attachment as distinct from udder support
POL	0.23	Read udder height
SWE	0.35	Distance between base of vulva and top of milk secreting tissue
USA	0.26	Rear udder height              (Ayrshire)
	0.28	Rear udder height              (Guernsey)
	0.28	Point of rear udder attachment (Holstein)
	0.26	Rear udder height              (Jersey)
ZAF	0.15	Distance from top part of rear udder to bottom of vulva (Holstein)
	0.14	Rear udder height (Jersey)
Trait:	Udder support
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.27	Cleft of udder
BEL	0.19	Udder support
CAN	0.17	Median suspensory (Ayrshire)
	0.20	-"-               (Guernsey)
	0.15	-"-               (Holstein)
	0.22	-"-               (Jersey)
CHE	0.26	Cleft of udder
CHR	0.34	Visibility of suspensory ligament
CZE	0.21	Udder support
DEU	0.13	Udder support
DNK	0.25	Udder cleft (Ayrshire)
	0.19	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.17	-"-         (Jersey)
FIN	0.22	Suspensory ligament
ESP	0.17	Cleft of udder
FRA	0.26	Udder cleft
GBR	0.09	Udder support (Ayrshire)
	0.20	-"-           (Guernsey)
	0.23	-"-           (Holstein)
	0.14	-"-           (Jersey)
HUN	0.12	Udder support
ITA	0.15	Udder support
JPN	0.18	Depth of cleft through the bottom of the udder
NLD	0.25	The depth of cleft, measured at the base of the udder
NOR	0.06	Udder support
NZL	0.23	Strength of the suspensory ligament as viewed from the rear
POL	0.12	Udder support
SWE	0.15	Depth of udder cleft, strength of ligament
USA	0.23	Udder cleft                                         (Ayrshire)
	0.21	Udder cleft                                         (Guernsey)
	0.24	Depth of the cleft through the front and rear udder (Holstein)
	0.20	Udder cleft                                         (Jersey)
ZAF	0.09	Depth of udder cleft between rear teats (Holstein)
	0.09	Udder support (Jersey)
Trait:	Udder depth
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
BEL	0.29	Udder depth
CAN	0.33	Udder depth (Ayrshire)
	0.33	-"-         (Guernsey)
	0.39	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.33	-"-         (Jersey)
CHE	0.28	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
CHR	0.34	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
CZE	0.19	Udder depth
DEU	0.26	Udder depth
DNK	0.39	Udder depth (Ayrshire)
	0.36	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.37	-"-         (Jersey)
FIN	0.37	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
ESP	0.30	Distance between hock and bottom of udder
FRA	0.35	Udder-hocks distance
GBR	0.22	Udder depth (Ayrshire)
	0.36	-"-         (Guernsey)
	0.34	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.33	-"-         (Jersey)
HUN	0.27	Udder depth
ITA	0.29	Udder depth
JPN	0.27	The distance between the lowest point of the udder floor and the hock
NLD	0.45	The distance of the lowest udder floor to the hock
NOR	-	-
NZL	-	-
POL	0.21	Udder depth
SWE	0.20	Distance between udder base and hock
USA	0.31	Udder depth                           (Ayrshire)
	0.40	Udder depth                           (Guernsey)
	0.28	Distance between hock and udder floor (Holstein)
	0.38	Udder depth                           (Jersey)
ZAF	0.20	Distance between udder floor and hocks (Holstein)
	0.15	Udder depth (Jersey)
Trait:	Teat placement
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.33	Placement of front teats - front view
BEL	0.32	Placement of front teats
CAN	0.23	Front teat placement (Ayrshire)
	0.25	-"-                  (Guernsey)
	0.31	-"-                  (Holstein)
	0.27	-"-                  (Jersey)
CHE	0.43	Placement of front teats
CHR	0.48	Placement of front teats - front view
CZE	0.20	Front teat placement
DEU	0.22	Teat placement
DNK	0.43	Front teat placement (Ayrshire)
	0.40	-"-                  (Holstein)
	0.41	-"-                  (Jersey)
FIN	0.20	Placement of front teats; front view
ESP	0.25	Distance between front teats
FRA	0.30	Front teat placement
GBR	0.25	Front teat placement (Ayrshire)
	0.39	Front teat placement (Guernsey)
	0.28	Teat placement       (Holstein)
	0.34	Front teat placement (Jersey)
HUN	0.20	Teat placement
ITA	0.22	Teat placement
JPN	0.36	Placement of from teats on the quarter - rear view
NLD	0.45	The position of the center of the front teat at the point of the udder - front view
NOR	0.37	Teat placement
NZL	0.28	Placement of the front teats relative to the centre of the quarters as viewed from the rear
POL	0.20	Teat placement
SWE	0.20	Placement of teat on the udder quarter
USA	0.24	Teat placement                                (Ayrshire)
	0.31	Teat placement                                (Guernsey)
	0.26	Placement of front teats viewed from the rear (Holstein)
	0.24	Front teat placement                          (Jersey)
ZAF	0.24	Position of teat base viewed from the front (Holstein)
	0.17	Teat placement (Jersey)
Trait:	Teat length
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.24	Length of front teats - side view
BEL	0.34	Length of front teats
CAN	-	-                 (Ayrshire)
	-	-                 (Guernsey)
	0.30	Front teat length (Holstein)
	-	-                 (Jersey)
CHE	0.40	Length of front teats - side view
CHR	0.51	Length of front teats - side view
CZE	0.28	Teat length
DEU	0.25	Teat length
DNK	0.42	Front teat length (Ayrshire)
	0.41	-"-               (Holstein)
	0.42	-"-               (Jersey)
FIN	0.42	Length of front teats; side view
ESP	0.29	Front teat length
FRA	0.30	Teat length
GBR	0.37	Teat length (Ayrshire)
	0.27	-"-         (Guernsey)
	0.33	-"-         (Holstein)
	0.37	-"-         (Jersey)
HUN	0.25	Teat length
ITA	0.20	Teat length
JPN	0.31	Length of (extreme) teat
NLD	0.45	The length of the front teat
NOR	0.21	Teat length
NZL	-	-
POL	0.23	Teat length
SWE	0.30	Distance between teat base and tip
USA	0.30	Teat length           (Ayrshire)
	0.34	Teat length           (Guernsey)
	0.31	Length of front teats (Holstein)
	0.26	Teat length           (Jersey)
ZAF	0.34	Teat length (Holstein)
	0.27	Teat length (Jersey)
Trait:	Rear teat placement
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.30	Rear teat placement
BEL	0.29	Rear teat placement
CAN	0.25	Rear teat placement (Ayrshire)
	0.27	-"-                 (Guernsey)
	0.31	-"-                 (Holstein)
	0.30	-"-                 (Jersey)
CHE	0.43	Placement of rear teats
CHR	-	-
CZE	-	-
DEU	0.28	Rear teat placement
DNK	0.34	Rear teat placement (Ayrshire)
	0.25	-"-                 (Holstein)
	0.34	-"-                 (Jersey)
FIN	0.26	Placement of rear teats; side view
ESP	0.24	Rear teat placement
FRA	0.23	Teat direction rear
GBR	-	-                   (Ayrshire)
	-	-                   (Guernsey)
	0.23	Rear teat placement (Holstein)
	-	-                   (Jersey)
HUN	-	-
ITA	-	-
JPN	-	-
NLD	0.44	Rear teat placement
NOR	-	-
NZL	0.28	The placement of the rear teats (at the point of attachment to the udder) relative to the centre of the quarters
POL	-	-
SWE	-	-
USA	-	-
ZAF	-	-
Trait:	Overall conformation
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.30	General appearance
BEL	0.36	Overall conformation score
CAN	0.21	Final score (individual trait) (Ayrshire)
	0.22	-"-                            (Guernsey)
	0.32	-"-                            (Holstein)
	0.22	-"-                            (Jersey)
CHE	0.27	Final score (composite trait)
CHR	0.34	Overall score (composite trait)
CZE	0.26	Overall conformation score
DEU	0.25	Relative total breeding value for type (RZE)
DNK	0.30	Body (Ayrshire)
	0.30	-"-  (Holstein)
	0.25	-"-  (Jersey)
FIN	-	-
ESP	0.24	Final class (individual trait)
FRA	0.23	Overall score (composite trait)
GBR	0.30	Total score                            (Ayrshire)
	0.36	Total score                            (Guernsey)
	0.31	Overall conformation (composite trait) (Holstein)
	0.30	Total score                            (Jersey)
HUN	0.20	Overall conformation
ITA	0.15	Final score (individual trait)
JPN	0.20	Overall conformation (composite trait)
NLD	0.30	Overall conformation (composite trait)
NOR	0.07	Overall conformation
NZL	0.25	Overall conformation (composite trait)
POL	0.30	Overall conformation score
SWE	0.20	Overall conformation (composite trait)
USA	0.27	Final score                             (Ayrshire)
	0.21	Final score                             (Guernsey)
	0.31	Overall conformation (individual trait) (Holstein)
	0.23	Final score                             (Jersey)
ZAF	-	-
Trait:	Overall udder
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.30	Mammary system
BEL	0.24	Overall udder score
CAN	0.20	Overall udder score (Ayrshire)
	0.21	-"-                 (Guernsey)
	0.29	Mammary system      (Holstein)
	0.22	Overall udder score (Jersey)
CHE	0.22	Overall udder (composite trait)
CHR	0.37	Composite score for udder
CZE	0.14	Overall udder score
DEU	0.22	Overall udder (composite trait)
DNK	0.25	Mammary (composite trait) (Ayrshire)
	0.25	-"-                       (Holstein)
	0.25	-"-                       (Jersey)
FIN	-	-
ESP	0.25	Mammary system (individual trait)
FRA	0.30	Udder score (composite trait)
GBR	0.30	Mammary                         (Ayrhsire)
	0.30	Mammary                         (Guernsey)
	0.26	Overall udder (composite trait) (Holstein)
	0.30	Mammary                         (Jersey)
HUN	0.12	Overall udder
ITA	0.25	Overall udder (composite trait)
JPN	0.11	Overall udder score (individual trait)
NLD	0.35	Qualification of the total udder
NOR	0.37	Udder index
NZL	0.25	All traits pertaining to the udder
POL	0.15	Overall udder score
SWE	0.20	Overall udder (composite trait)
USA	-	-                               (Ayrshire)
	-	-                               (Guernsey)
	0.28	Overall udder (composite trait) (Holstein)
	-	-                               (Jersey)
ZAF	-	-
Trait:	Overall feet & legs
Country	h2	Definition
AUS	0.21	Side view foot diagonal
BEL	0.13	Overall feet & legs score
CAN	0.22	Overall feet & leg score       (Ayrshire)
	0.17	-"-                            (Guernsey)
	0.21	Feet & legs (individual trait) (Holstein)
	0.13	Overall feet & leg score       (Jersey)
CHE	0.12	Overall feet & legs (composite trait)
CHR	0.22	Composite score for feet and legs
CZE	0.18	Overall feet & legs score
DEU	0.17	Overall feet & legs (composite trait)
DNK	0.15	Feet and legs (composite trait) (Ayrshire)
	0.15	-"-                             (Holstein)
	0.15	-"-                             (Jersey)
FIN	-	-
ESP	0.17	Feet and legs (individual trait)
FRA	0.10	Locomotion
GBR	0.30	Overall feet & legs (composite trait) (Ayrshire)
	0.30	-"-                                   (Guernsey)
	0.15	-"-                                   (Holstein)
	0.30	-"-                                   (Jersey)
HUN	0.15	Overall feet & legs
ITA	0.15	Subjective functionality score (individual trait)
JPN	0.12	Overall feet & legs (individual trait)
NLD	0.20	Set and bone quality of legs, quality of feet, and use of legs and feet
NOR	0.07	Leg index
NZL	-	-
POL	0.10	Overall feet and leg score
SWE	0.20	Overall feet & legs
USA	-	-                 (Ayrshire)
	-	-                 (Guernsey)
	0.15	Feet & legs score (Holstein)
	-	-                 (Jersey)
ZAF	-	-